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Nearly 75% of African American smokers smoke menthols.

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Indeed, several medical journals found that smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes exhibited similar levels of biomarkers of smoke exposure.

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…meaning that the study was conductive with an objective mentality.

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From the Rhode Island Department of Health:

Tobacco use is known to cause lung and oral cancers and is strongly linked to many other types of cancer, including cancers of the breast, pancreas, colon, and cervix. It is a contributing and complicating factor for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and many other chronic and debilitating diseases.

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According to an article on the Social Research Network, the term “weight of evidence” (WOE) is used to characterize a process or method in which all scientific evidence that is relevant to the status of a causal hypothesis is taken into account. Clinicians use a form of WOE in making diagnoses, and judges may defer to it when they offer opinions on the reliability of evidence.

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A biomarker is defined as “objective indications of medical state observed from outside the patient – which can be measured accurately and reproducibly.”

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According to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention:

Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by 2030.

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Low-income smokers in NY are also spending one-fourth of their income on cigarettes.

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Menthol was first added to cigarettes during the 1920s. Spud was the first cigarette brand to add menthol.

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Though perhaps the term “flavor” is used loosely, as in 2008 all cigarettes with flavor additives were banned except menthol.

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