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Seán Mac Diarmada also known as Seán MacDermott, was an Irish political activist and revolutionary leader. He was one of the main instigators of the Easter Rising, along with Tom Clarke, who was a close colleague, friend and mentor of his.

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Thomas “Tom” Clarke, was an Irish revolutionary leader and the driving force behind the 1916 Easter Rising.

A proponent of armed revolution for most of his life, he spent 15 years in prison prior to the Easter Rising, for his attempt to blow up London Bridge as part of the Fenian Dynamite Campaign.

He was arrested under the alias ‘Henry Wilson’ and was a member pf the Irish Republican Brotherhood

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The Proclamation of the Republic, also known as the 1916 Proclamation or Easter Proclamation, was a document issued by the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising in Ireland, which began on 24 April 1916.

In it, the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, styling itself the “Provisional Government of the Irish Republic”, proclaimed Ireland’s independence from the United Kingdom. The reading of the proclamation by Patrick Pearse outside the General Post Office (GPO) on Sackville Street (now called O'Connell Street), Dublin’s main thoroughfare, marked the beginning of the Rising.

The proclamation was modelled on a similar independence proclamation issued during the 1803 rebellion by Robert Emmet.

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From the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 until the 1916 rising and the subsequent establishment of the Irish Free State, Ireland was ruled by Britain and not an independent country.

It was part of the British empire and considered no more than a British province.

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Hozier explained these opening lyrics in his Genius Verified interview, on September of 2023:

From what kind of moral authority does this organization have given its legacy of abuse? On what grounds, does it imagine itself to be able to speak on anything, from any sort of moral standpoint? And so, [the line takes] that supposed moral high horse and imagines with this idea of buthcering it and using it to feed people.

A jab at religious people who he believes are on their “high horses,” smugly believing that they’re better than others. He continues with the horse wordplay with “stable” – wondering what other ways (high horses) they have to look down upon people.

He suggests that they’re constantly looking for a “meaty” way to bring down the “main course” (general public) to a lower level.

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The best known version of “The Foggy Dew” was written by a priest named Charles O’Neill in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rebellion. The lyrics are conflicted about young Irishmen dying for the British cause in WWI, as they Irish were fighting for the countries in a similar position as Ireland, butdepleting the forces that could fight for Irish freedom. Ultimately, however, it comes to a pro-Irish conclusion: “‘Twas better to die 'neath an Irish sky than at Suvla or Sud-El-Bar.”

“The Foggy Dew” is the name of an Irish folk song that’s existed since at least 1840, but has a different melody and lyrics. The melody to the Charles O'Neil version comes from another Irish folk song, “Corraga Bawn.”

Notorious UFC fighter Conor McGregor brought this song to prominence outside of the Emerald Isle by using it as his walk up music before fights. He even had Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor perform the song before his July 11, 2015 fight against Chad Mendes.

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In March 1843 Ingram wrote The Memory of the Dead (better known as Who Fears to Speak of ‘98’; or simply ‘Ninety Eight’), in honour of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 led by the Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen. He was stirred by the lack of regard shown for the Irish rebels of ‘98 by the contemporary nationalist movement, led by Daniel O'Connell.

The poem was published anonymously on 1 April 1843 in Thomas Davis’s The Nation Newspaper. Despite this poem Ingram showed no nationalist sympathies at any time, maintaining that Ireland was not ready for self-government. “The Memory of the Dead was my only contribution to the Nation ”, commented Ingram later. Nevertheless, before he died, Ingram made a manuscript copy of Ninety Eight, proclaiming that he would always defend brave men who opposed tyranny.

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This is a reference to the Battle of Thermopylae where 300 spartans defended a small path that led behind the Greek lines from the invading Persian army.

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“A Nation Once Again” is a song, written in the early to mid-1840s by Thomas Osborne Davis (1814–1845). Davis was a founder of an Irish movement whose aim was the independence of Ireland.

The song is a prime example of the “Irish rebel music” sub-genre. The song’s narrator dreams of a time when Ireland will be, as the title suggests, a free land, with “our fetters rent in twain.” The lyrics exhort Irishmen to stand up and fight for their land: “And righteous men must make our land a nation once again.”

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In modern English, this phrase translates to “Our chains ripped in two”. This is referring to the British occupation of Ireland for about 700 years.

The chains referenced here speaks of the lack of ability to legally practice Irish cultural deeds or to govern their own country.

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