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In 2011, President Barack Obama ordered the Justice Department not to defend the Defense of Marriage Act’s constitutionality in court – while at the same time the government was continuing to enforce its treatment of same-sex marriages as invalid for the purposes of federal tax treatment. This decision resolved the contradiction

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The relevant portion of the Defense of Marriage Act reads:

“In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word ‘marriage’ means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word ‘spouse’ refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife.”

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Edith Windsor, the Plaintiff in this case, married Thea Spyer in 2007 after 40 years of romantic partnership. Windsor and Spyer were both residents of New York but they married in Toronto, Ontario because New York did not yet allow same-sex marriages. New York started recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions in 2008 and legalized same-sex marriage in 2011

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Following a 2008 ruling in Martinez v. County of Monroe, New York state has been recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions. New York only started allowing same-sex marriages to actually be performed in the state in 2011.

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In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the Defense of Marriage Act – the law forbidding the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages – was unconstitutional. The decision was handed down on June 26, 2013. In a separate case, SCOTUS also quashed California’s notorious Proposition 8.

Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote in the majority decision:

Under DOMA, same-sex married couples have their lives burdened, by reason of government decree, in visible and public ways….DOMA’s principal effect is to identify a subset of state-sanctioned marriages and make them unequal.

Read Scalia and Roberts’s Dissents.

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Edith Windsor, the Plaintiff in this case, married Thea Spyer in 2007 after 40 years of romantic partnership. Windsor and Spyer were both residents of New York but they married in Toronto, Ontario because New York did not yet allow same-sex marriages. Canada’s first openly gay judge, Justice Harvey Brownstone, officiated. Windsor had first suggested engagement in 1965.

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Durant played one season for the Oak Hill Academy Warriors and averaged 19.6 PPG and 8.8 RPG. Oak Hill is a school where many future NBA players have played a season or two to get ready for college or the pros. Other alumni include Carmelo Anthony, Stephen Jackson, Rajon Rondo, Jerry Stackhouse

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Referencing the demonstrations that took place on June 18, 2013 in São Paulo, Rio, and other major Brazilian cities. This is a video from the São Paulo protest

https://vine.co/v/hBIFZZm5E0E?fb_action_ids=10101072454324735&fb_action_types=vine-app%3Apost&fb_source=aggregation&fb_aggregation_id=288381481237582

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Despite getting an F for his presidency from Ayers, George W. Bush actually was not an F student at Yale- he averaged a 77 (C+) and only got one D

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