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Eyes and ears are bad witnesses to men having rude souls Heraclitus – Fragments

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Heraclitus constantly places doubt on our sense perceptions as they are limited at birth. He presents the idea that these meager senses can not bear witness to the true merits of a mans soul or are able to convey the true meaning of a mans soul through speech or appearance as these can be faked easily.

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To this universal Reason which I unfold, although it always exists, men make themselves insensible, both before they have heard it and when they have heard it for the first time. For notwithstanding that all things happen according to this Reason, men act as though they had never had any experience in regard to it when they attempt such words and works as I am now relating, describing each thing according to its nature and explaining how it is ordered. And some men are as ignorant of what they do when awake as they are forgetful of what they do when asleep Heraclitus – Fragments

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Whether or not the reader chooses to believe him, the world will not change from what it already is. The universe is constant in this even though others will go around putting things in orders and hierarchies, making one thing seem more important than another. Everything has equal importance in the universe because everything is one in the universe.

He implicitly undermines those who try to order and prioritize aspects of nature. They take tools for understanding the world, and instead turn them into idols. He compares their narrow-mindedness with forgetfulness because in both cases, what occupies our mind is not important: it neither reflects nor affects reality in a meaningful way. It’s similar to how Kant says Hume “awoke [him] from [his] dogmatic slumber” by showing that concepts like the eternal soul were fairly empty by themselves.

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Every animal is driven by blows Heraclitus – Fragments

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Both wild and domestic animals, and those living upon land or in air or water, are born, live and die in conformity with the laws of God.

The word blows does not necessarily refer to hitting or punishment but to the elements themselves pushing animals down life.

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The name of the bow is life, but its work is death Heraclitus – Fragments

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The work bow(bios) in ancient Greek was also the word for life. The bow and arrow of the same name was used in war to kill other men and cause death, so it functions as a perfect example of opposites that are one in the same.

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7 years

word*

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It is wise for those who hear, not me, but the universal Reason, to confess that all things are one Heraclitus – Fragments

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The main struggles in Heraclitus' theology is conflict between opposites, but that those opposites are also one. It can be heavily related to the Tao Te Ching in this aspect.
Heraclitus starts off the fragments by asking the reader to not just take his word for how the universe is, but to open your mind and see the universe for how it is and he is sure that you will see he is correct.

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10 years

Things are one, but not in the sense the multiplicity is illusion, rather in the sense that there is one thing, “Logos” [here translated by Reason], which governs/regulates all things.

Therefore, hearing Logos, a person would say that all things have a common structure that operates them: fluency of/between opposites or dialectics.

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A man when he is drunken is led by a beardless youth, stumbling, ignorant where he is going, having a wet soul Heraclitus – Fragments

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When a man is drunk, he is unable to achieve progress through life. A wet soul not only reflects the presence of alcohol in Heraclitus' works but ties into his overall theme of change and the use of the elements to achieve such change, mainly fire.
Anything ‘wet’ is less likely to burn which means it will not change. This is not in a death sense, that whatever is burned is removed from the world. But that it becomes something else. A tree burns down and becomes ash that fertilizes the ground and causes more trees to grow.
Everything is connected within Heraclitus' theology, nothing is removed only shifted.

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11 years

In the above:
His sense of fire does not constitute a theology. It’s ontology at best.

To add to the above, probably between the first and second paragraph:
The beardless youth refers to a boy, meaning the drunkard is so helplessly lost that he relies on a child for direction. Similarly, when homies get way too faded, they act like little kids, thus missing the opportunity to transform.

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The Republic (Book 7: The Allegory of the Cave) Plato – The Republic (Book 7: The Allegory of the Cave)

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The Allegory of the Cave—also known as the Analogy of the Cave, Plato’s Cave, or the Parable of the Cave—is an allegory used by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic to illustrate “our nature in its education and want of education”. It is written as a dialogue narrated by Plato’s friend Socrates and Plato’s brother Glaucon at the beginning of Book VII. The Allegory of the Cave is presented after the metaphor of the sun and the analogy of the divided line. All three are characterized in relation to dialectic at the end of Book VII and VIII.

This is also Plato’s illustration as his attempt to answer one of the most fundamental questions of philosophy. That is, how do we know what we know? He is purporting that concepts, the knowledge of particulars as integrated into universals, exist entirely outside of the particulars, that concepts (ideas) exist first in some unknown place, a super-natural place, as a Form and that a percept (a real thing) is dependent upon or actually created by the concept. In other words, he is saying that something can come from nothing. Contrast this to his student, Aristotle, who successfully debunks Plato’s theory of the Forms as “empty talk” (Metaphysics, I.9) and proceeds to prove that something can only come from something. Therefore, percepts come first and then the human mind identifies concepts in accord with the facts. For Plato reality is ex-nihilo and for Aristotle reality is axiomatic. And so goes the wrestling rumble of the Ages, belief vs. understanding, faith vs. reason, what is not vs. what is.

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The Allegory of the Cave—also known as the Analogy of the Cave, Plato's Cave, or the Parable of the Cave—is an allegory used by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work <i>The Republic</i> to illustrate "our nature in its education and want of education". It is written as a dialogue narrated by Plato's friend Socrates and Plato's brother Glaucon at the beginning of Book VII. The Allegory of the Cave is presented after the metaphor of the sun and the analogy of the divided line. All three are characterized in relation to dialectic at the end of Book VII and VIII.

This is also Plato's illustration as his attempt to answer one of the most fundamental questions of philosophy. That is, how do we know what we know? He is purporting that concepts, the knowledge of particulars as integrated into universals, exist entirely outside of the particulars, that concepts (ideas) exist first in some unknown place, a super-natural place, as a Form and that a percept (a real thing) is dependent upon or actually created by the concept. In other words, he is saying that something can come from nothing. Contrast this to his student, Aristotle, who successfully debunks Plato's theory of the Forms as "empty talk" (Metaphysics, I.9) and proceeds to prove that something can only come from something. Therefore, percepts come first and then the human mind identifies concepts in accord with the facts. For Plato reality is ex-nihilo and for Aristotle reality is axiomatic. And so goes the wrestling rumble of the Ages, belief vs. understanding, faith vs. reason, what is not vs. what is.

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Aristotle, Plato’s best student, soon overcame his master as the best philosopher. In his Book of First Philosophy, Aristotle successfully debunked Plato’s theory of the Forms as nonsensical:

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[Glaucon] Plato – The Republic (Book 7: The Allegory of the Cave)

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Glaucon is actually Plato’s older brother.

He is also found in other works in The Republic as well the Symposium and Parmenides

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And do you see, I said, men passing along the wall carrying all sorts of vessels, and statues and figures of animals made of wood and stone and various materials, which appear over the wall? Some of them are talking, others silent. Plato – The Republic (Book 7: The Allegory of the Cave)

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The shadows on the cave wall take numerous forms, as various as the world we see around us. The men chained up can only see these shadows, which are no more than suggestions or debased versions of the ideal forms they represent.

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"Res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt
Moliri, et late fines custode tueri." Niccolò Machiavelli (Ft. W. K. Marriott) – The Prince; Chapter 17 (English version)

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…against my will, my fate,
A throne unsettled, and an infant state,
Bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs,
And guard with these severities my shores.

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8 years

You should try a translation that relates each English word to each Latin word

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