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This is largely thanks to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which enforces the Chemical Weapons Convention by inspecting laboratories, factories and arsenals and oversees the destruction of chemical weapons. Under the leadership of diplomat Jose Bustani of Brazil, the number of signatory nations grew from 87 to 145 nations between 1997-2002, the fastest growth rate of any international organization in recent decades. He was even unanimously re-elected to his position a year early in 2000, after overseeing the destruction of 2 million chemical weapons and two-thirds of the world’s chemical weapons facilities.

However, after he began lobbying for a more vigorous inspection of U.S. chemical weapons facilities in early 2002, he was ousted from the OPCW, due to U.S.-led opposition and their influence over the programs budget. The U.S. cited 3 main reasons for this opposition:

  1. “polarizing and confrontational conduct”
  2. “mismanagement issues”
  3. “advocacy of inappropriate roles for the OPCW”

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Unreviewed Annotation 2 Contributors ?

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Indeed, these images are sickening, and it is true that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” However, these emotional triggers will do nothing to help find the correct solution to the problem. The rhetorical technique elicits an emotional response, but not a cure.

Again, there is little doubt that chemical weapons were used, and the UN security council should do everything within reason to ensure no further use.

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The role and size of the “moderate opposition” is wholly unverifiable at the moment. The Free Syrian Army is actually made up of many small (and large) independent units, some secular, and others outright religious. This makes it extremely difficult to get accurate numbers on the opposition and their political ties.

Nonetheless, based on public comments from U.S. officials and on the ground estimates from anonymous sources:

Out of an estimated 100,000 rebel forces

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Though chemical weapons bans should be heavily enforced, since they are virtually the only weapons ban we have, it is extremely hard to believe that this intervention policy is inspired by saving lives or ending the use of chemical weapons. It’s always been said that “actions speak louder than words”. So does the U.S. leadership’s walk match up with it’s talk?

There’s no doubt that what happened was disturbing and tragic and action needs to be taken, whether diplomatic or military. However, Americans should also be calling on U.S. leadership to apply their justice to all nations, and to quite using it as an excuse to intervene where we benefit the most. Not doing so is what truly threatens our credibility, not off-the-cuff comments about arbitrary “red-lines”

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The specific death toll of 1,429 has continually been reported by American officials and news outlets. However, no one knows where this number came from and it is nowhere near estimates by British (350) or French (281) allies, and more than triples the total offered by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (502), generally regarded as one of the most reliable sources of information on casualty figures.

Although there is no international argument as to whether or not chemical weapons appear to have been used, it should be mentioned that no direct evidence of Assad’s role in their use has been offered by the U.S., however, the Human Rights Group has released a report outlining the major factors which led them to conclude that Assad’s regime is responsible. Also, refer to this memo delivered to the UN by Russia, for a more robust understanding of the different claims.

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As of August 2013, U.S. humanitarian aid has totaled $1,010,354,195. A breakdown of the aid can be found on the USAID website, here.

However, as any diplomat or humanitarian can tell you, providing aid to those who need it most is not as simple as signing billion dollar checks. The New York Times reported as recently as March 2013, that much of the aid is going to Assad-controlled regions, due to international logistics issues, while much of the opposition-controlled north is being deprived and “losing the war of attrition,” according to some.

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Check out a timeline of events in Syria:

HERE

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As of August 2013, the UN estimated nearly 2 million had fled the country.

Although no one can rightly characterize the Assad regime as innocent here, the displacement is largely due to the shift, beginning around December of 2012, from a secular protest regarding human rights, to an all out sectarian conflict with absolutely no concern for human rights. This is precisely when violence began to increase significantly.

Both Christian and Muslim non-combatants have fled Syria, not only because of the current violence, but also due to the prospect of rebel control and change of a regime in which they were otherwise safe living and practicing their different religions. However

The refugee crisis is both internal and international.

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The full pdf version of this review can be found, here

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The following is a running list of research supporting the idea that physical activity, especially resistance and/or cardiovascular training, has positive benefits on a variety of health outcomes.

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