High school students are hit by a high-pressure water jet from a firehose during one of the protests of the Birmingham campaign

This “nonviolent direct-action program” is better known as the Birmingham campaign, a strategic movement organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the unequal treatment that black Americans endured in Birmingham, Alabama, through a variety of nonviolent methods of confrontation, including sit-ins at libraries and lunch counters, kneel-ins by black visitors at white churches, and a march to the county building to mark the beginning of a voter-registration drive.

The SCLC’s goals were to fill the jails with protesters to force the city government to negotiate as demonstrations continued.

This image of Parker High School student Walter Gadsden being attacked by dogs was an iconic image of the Birmingham campaign, and was subsequently published in The New York Times on May 4, 1963.

An anti-apartheid poster.

This is a reference to the apartheid in South Africa (of which Johannesburg is the capital).

Apartheid (Afrikaans for “the status of being apart”) was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, of South Africa, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.

Moses viewing the promised land.

The Promised Land is the land promised or given by God to the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob. The promise is first made to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and then renewed to his son Isaac, and to Isaac’s son Jacob (Genesis 28:13), Abraham’s grandson.

The promised land was described in terms of the territory from the River of Egypt to the Euphrates river (Exodus 23:31) and was given to their descendants after Moses led the Exodus out of Egypt (Deuteronomy 1:8).

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• 3 John 1

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