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Again parallels the situation in Soviet Russia at the time. Forced labor camps (the Soviet Gulag) were a common method of punishment under Stalin.

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It’s strange what these lovers speak of, my dear Theseus.

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inclusive…metal: The crown that Anne will be forced to wear. She wishes it would kill her all at once rather than tormenting her and placing her life in constant danger.

Compare Macbeth 1.5: “the golden round.”

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withal: with.

golden round: crown. See Lady Anne in Richard III: “the inclusive verge / Of golden metal that must round my brow…”

The crown to which fate destines thee, and which preternatural agents “endeavour” to bestow upon thee. The “golden round” is the “diadem.”

–Samuel Johnson’s Commentary

The word “seem” also emphasizes the discrepancy in Macbeth between appearance and reality, between looking like an innocent flower and being the serpent under it. Fate and metaphysical aid seem to have crowned Macbeth in the future already; it seems to be a done deal. One might ask, though: if Macbeth’s kingship is truly fated, why does Lady Macbeth feel the need to help it along?

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Though you might strike bargains with almost anyone in order to keep going, and justify your fall in any way you please, the truth is that no one is going to give you “alibis” for being where you are–your downfall is yours and yours alone.

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The speaker is reflecting back on the man he was a year ago.

Twenty-one is about college age. Housman himself, while an undergraduate at Oxford, developed strong feelings for his roommate Moses Jackson. Jackson was heterosexual and didn’t reciprocate, but helped inspire many of Housman’s later poems of thwarted love. In the collection More Poems, one lyric begins:

Because I liked you better
Than suits a man to say,
It irked you and I promised
To throw the thought away.

Moses Jackson

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fancy: desire, affections.

In other words, don’t get too attached to any one person. Play it cool.

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In other words, no one has ever given their heart away without cost or consequences. There’s always an emotional price to love.

rue: bitterness, regret.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzXn-G4Mi14

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Not literally true! “When I Was One-and-Twenty” is a dramatic monologue from the collection A Shropshire Lad (1896), published when Housman was 37 years old. However, it’s possible the poet is adopting the voice/stance of his younger self.

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The juxtaposition of phrases without using subordinating conjunctions (e.g., after, although, because, before, since, so, while) to make cause/effect and hierarchy explicit.

Parataxis often creates a kind of collage effect in which disparate elements (such as sentences or lines of a poem) are given equal weight, and the reader must infer the relationship between them.

A good example is Julius Caesar’s “I came, I saw, I conquered”.

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