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An unconventional poem of worship by Harlem Renaissance poet Claude McKay, set in St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia (called Petrograd under the former Soviet Union). The poem engages McKay’s conflicted and controversial feelings about two belief systems:

His conversion to Roman Catholicism is another controversial chapter in his life like his past affiliation with its ideological adversary, communism….[Tyrone] Tillery affirms that McKay’s conversion was a marriage of convenience and principle because McKay never identified himself completely with anything or anyone….but to call his conversion opportunism may be too harsh….The Church was now his fortress from which he could fire at the communists. Moreover, a romantic at heart, McKay had great reverence for such ancient institutions and monuments, which he celebrated in a poem on his visit to St. Isaac’s Church, Petrograd. [Kotti Sree Ramesh, Kandula Nirupa Rani, Claude McKay: The Literary Identity from Jamaica to Harlem and Beyond]

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Rimrock is pretty much what it sounds like: the rock at the upper edge of a plateau, canyon, or gorge.

(Image via)

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The device of starting sentences with “And” is one Steinbeck uses frequently throughout the novel; it helps lend a biblical resonance to the prose.

The horses' nerves here contribute to the ominous mood of the opening. Their nervousness mirrors that of the people.

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Everyone who protests is considered a threat and is called mad or a fool for not believing the official story.

Compare Emily Dickinson, “Much Madness is divinest Sense”:

‘Tis the Majority
In this, as All, prevail -
Assent – and you are sane -
Demur – you’re straightway dangerous -
And handled with a Chain -

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A possible play on “don’t piss on my head and tell me it’s raining.” In other words, companies are willfully poisoning the water while blaming the problem on other factors.

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A North American migratory songbird.

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Dickinson mentions the bobolink several times in her work; she would have witnessed it often in New England and may simply have loved the sound of the name, which indeed can make the reader smile. A few examples:

Some keep the Sabbath going to Church –
I keep it, staying at Home –
With a Bobolink for a Chorister –
And an Orchard, for a Dome – (236)

No Bobolink—reverse His Singing
When the only Tree
Ever He minded occupying
By the Farmer be (755)

The Hills untied their Bonnets —
The Bobolinks — begun —
Then I said softly to myself —
“That must have been the Sun”! (318)

In the third of her three famous unsent love letters to an unknown “Master,” she imagines an idyllic walk with Master and her dog, Carlo:

Could Carlo, and you and I walk in the meadows an hour-and nobody care but the Bobolink-and his- a silver scruple?

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cf. Whitman’s Preface to Leaves of Grass (1855):

The Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth, have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem.

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cf. “Song of Myself” section 20:

I laugh at what you call dissolution,
And I know the amplitude of time.

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An adjective usually used with reference to the Holy Trinity, or the three consubstantial persons of the Christian deity. Here Whitman makes up his own trinity and makes each of us a kind of triune god.

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Muir has a habit of comparing one natural phenomenon to another (see his comparison of trees in wind to algae in water above), hinting at a unity or sympathetic connection among living things.

As this essay repeatedly demonstrates, the swaying and waving of plants in wind or water seems to have been a sight that particularly moved him.

Swaying goldenrod:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eZi7aZU5QM

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